Villagization and access to water resources in the middle awash valley of ethiopia. Together they constitute one of the largest mass movements of people. The geospatial technologies and human rights project, a part of the scientific responsibility, human rights and law program of the american association for the advancement of science aaas, partnered with human rights watch hrw in order to investigate concerns regarding villagization in the gambella region of western ethiopia. As the population of ethiopia has increased in the twentieth century, the need to move inhabitants has only increased as available cropland per family declined to its. Pdf this article examines the narratives presented on the subjects of. Between 2008 and 2011, 3,619,509 ha were transferred to. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Forced villagization program and the promoting basic services project. The focus on a case study, based on a national urban plan implemented in ethiopia since 1974 the socalled villagization program, will help reflecting about possible answers to this question. In ethiopia, a plan known as villagization has freed up vast tracts for foreign corporations and brought a storm over methods of development at the world bank.
For over 400 years, indigenous anuak families have lived along the wide rivers of ethiopias gambella region, cultivating maize and sorghum in. The controversial effects of villagization in ethiopia and. Villagization and access to water resources in the middle. In national parliamentary elections in may 2010, the eprdf and affiliated parties won 545 of 547 seats to remain in power for a fourth consecutive five year term. Forced displacement and villagization in ethiopias. In addition to villagization, gambella is an area of ethiopia that the govern. A case study of ethiopia s villagization programme by mads holm download pdf 540 kb. Villagization typically involved the relocation of rural communities or nomadic groups to planned villages with communal farmland. Resettlement and villagization in ethiopia wikipedia. Benishangul gumuz has an estimated area of 51,000 square kilometers and is located in the northwestern part of ethiopia.
An historical account of the ethiopian villagization development. Ethiopian governments villagization program in the gambella region. Pdf resettlement in ethiopia abraham lebeza academia. Most of it focuses on food aid, as does the national response to humanitarian crises. The controversial effects of villagization in ethiopia and the role of. Government efforts to villagize parts of western shewa, the. Apr 22, 2014 however, the programme has transformed lives, with some farmers harvesting three times a year, says ethiopia s ambassador to the uk, berhanu kebede. This villagization program is the regional government development agenda and it is regulated by the regional government through the structural arrangement which were in place to the grass root level.
Policy and legal analysis of the ethiopia pbs request for inspection. Additionally, it draws on the expertise of new york university school of laws international human. Villagization in ethiopias gambella region human rights watch. In l985 the government initiated a new relocation program known as villagization. Officially, the villagization program by the government of ethiopia. Report and recommendation ethiopia world bank documents.
Displacement and villagization in ethiopias gambella region. It is promoted as being based on voluntary participation, which would be different from the previous governments and many other villagization programmes in history. October 2011 abstract developmental villages vijiji uya maendeleo were introduced in mainland tanzania over the period 19741982aspartofalargescaleresettlementprogram. The objective of this thesis is to examine rural populations access to land in ethiopia, in the light of land regulations and different obstacles. Villagization was a land reform and resettlement program in ethiopia implemented by the derg in 1985 that aimed to systematize and regulate village life and rural agriculture.
Ethiopia country report oakland institute, 2011 thank you for joining this campaign. Mar 19, 20 world bank told to investigate links to ethiopia villagisation project this article is more than 7 years old banks accountability panel says complaints by ethiopians of forced evictions in. Resettlement and villagization in ethiopia has been an issue from the late nineteenth century up to the present, due to the overcrowded population of the ethiopian highlands. The case study of debremarkos town dmt and its hinterland production linkages, in cities as engines of growth and transformation in ethiopia. Human rights and the world bank ethiopia case study. In this case study we have attempted to investigate the impact or effects of the villagization programme in ethiopia. For over 400 years, indigenous anuak families have lived along the wide rivers of ethiopias gambella region, cultivating maize and sorghum in the rich alluvial soil. Today, ethiopias governing coalition, the ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic. Analyzing development in ethiopia through urbanrural. The villagization program was most successful in the central highlands and southern lowlands, regions such as central shewa, arsi, and highland harerge that were firmly under government control. The process of decentralisation in ethiopia since 1991. As part of the dergues 10year development plan, these relocations are labeled as two distinct but related programs. Villagisation and state crime in ethiopias gambella region. The process of decentralisation in ethiopia since 1991 7 southern ethiopian peoples democratic front sepdf, to a more cohesive political force in which the major regions are now governed by eprdfallied parties.
Government efforts to villagize parts of western shewa, the harerge lowlands, and gojam met with resistance. Ethiopia is a federal republic led by prime ministe r meles zenawi and the ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front eprdf. Ethiopia, liberia, mozambique, sierra leone, south sudan, tanzania, zambia, uganda, nigeria, and the democratic republic of congo are among those attracting the most foreign interest. Article nine the council of representatives shall eercise functions as follows and the work of the council of ministers. The thrust of the 1992 national population policy was to provide a framework and guidelines for the integration of population variables into the development process so. It shares common borders with the state of amhara in the east, the sudan in the northeast, and the state of oromia in the south. Cohen and nilsivar isaksson, villagization in the arsi region of ethiopia, international rural development centre, swedish university of agricultural sciences, uppsala, rural development study no. Villagization in ethiopia has a lengthy history, with dramatic impacts on rural populations, and was a key component of the dergs socialist agricultural collectivization policies. Ethiopia as a nation, defining it as an obsolete empirestate, a prison house of peoples. Ethiopia has a long and brutal history of failed attempts at resettling millions of people in collectivized villages, particularly under the derg regime, in power until 1991, but also under the.
These earlier efforts of encouraging resettlement and villagization in ethiopia began in 1958 and were aimed at addressing the overcrowded situation of the ethiopian highlands. National population policy took on board some of the goals and objectives of the former implicit population policies and programmes. This current villagization program of the goe must not be confused with the efforts of earlier governments that were also labeled villagization. Addressing the rights and needs of people displaced by conflict october 2007 since the mid1980s, when ethiopia was affected by one of the worst famines in its history, international humanitarian involvement has been significant. In ethiopia, evidence suggests that the state has been involved in forced population movements and developmentinduced displacements, especially in the countrys vast peripheries. July 16, 20 the world banks board of executive directors has approved a full investigation into whether the bank has breached its policies in ethiopia and contributed to a government program of forced population transfers known as villagization. An analysis of villagisation programmes in ethiopia in relation to the fulfilment. Oct 22, 2018 the focus on a case study, based on a national urban plan implemented in ethiopia since 1974 the socalled villagization program, will help reflecting about possible answers to this question. Jan egeland, europe director for human rights watch, said it seems that donor money is being used, at least indirectly, to fund the villagization program.
The gambella regional state government has embarked on an ambitious plan of villagisation involving the resettlement of. The negative impact of foreign direct investment on. At the end of the discussion, the eus role with regards to urbanization in africa will be analyzed and some recommendations will be provided. However, the programme has transformed lives, with some farmers harvesting three times a year, says ethiopias ambassador to the uk, berhanu. Ethiopia is one of the preferred destinations for agricultural investments in africa. The negative impact of foreign direct investment on peoples. Ethiopia the period of ethiopias political history of direct relevance to the policy of villagisation begins when haile selassie was deposed in 1974, in a military coup. Ethiopia 2015 05 03 with map united states agency for. World bank told to investigate links to ethiopia villagisation project this article is more than 7 years old banks accountability panel says complaints by ethiopians of forced evictions in. Ethiopia the period of ethiopia s political history of direct relevance to the policy of villagisation begins when haile selassie was deposed in 1974, in a military coup. It is also implemented per the principles put clearly in the implementation manual. An earlier body of social science research largely criticized tanzanias villagization program as a failed example of largescale state planning with adverse consequences for peasants. A case study of ethiopias villagization programme by mads holm download pdf 540 kb.
The objectives of the program, which grouped scattered farming communities throughout the country into small village clusters, were to promote rational land use. A case study on the impact of the villagization programme in. Though i was predisposed toward the ethiopia i had studied since the late 1950s, i appreciated that within its. The abbay basin is by most criteria the most important river basin in ethiopia. Subnational governments at the subnational level, concerns about ethiopias dominantparty state are therefore replicated. Villagization, food insecurity, and illbeing in ethiopias lower omo valley edward g. During the dark days of the 19841985 famine, ethiopia made plans to relocate virtually its entire rural population somewhere between 33 and 37 million people by the 1990s. Jun 05, 20 in ethiopia, a plan known as villagization has freed up vast tracts for foreign corporations and brought a storm over methods of development at the world bank. Using a qualitative research design, based on a literature study, the following topics will be discussed. Villagization program benefits over 217,000 households. Forced displacement and villagization in ethiopias gambella. Inclusive development international assisted anuak indigenous people from ethiopia s gambella region to submit a complaint to the world bank inspection panel implicating the bank in grave human rights abuses perpetrated by the ethiopian government.
Posts about villagization program written by ethiopiantimes. A group of army officers, known as the provisional military government of ethiopia pmac or the derg, came to power. Villagization in ethiopias gambella region new york. Jan 17, 2012 ethiopia has a long and brutal history of failed attempts at resettling millions of people in collectivized villages, particularly under the derg regime, in power until 1991, but also under the. Resettlement and villagization tools of militarization in. National population policy world health organization. Several documents provided by the wb and by the ip related to case 82. Forced displacement and villagization in ethiopias gambella region spine title.
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